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Earthscraper

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An earthscraper is a building that provides multiple stories of permanent space below ground where people may live: the inverse of very tall <a href="Tower_block" title="Tower block">high-rise buildings</a>. Though humans have been building structures underground for centuries, such dwellings are generally called <a href="Earth_shelter" title="Earth shelter">Earth shelters</a>, and typically are only one or two stories deep at most.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> It is the number or depth of below ground stories that distinguish an earthscraper.

An earthscraper might have some exposed sides, such as one built in a quarry with open exposure on some sides for lighting or ventilation purposes.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

The term "earthscraper" was first applied to buildings that had continuously habitable space, as measured in stories, below ground, though no clear number of stories has been applied to the word. The word does not refer to, or count, the very deep foundations that are often required of skyscrapers in order to anchor and balance such tall structures—such as the <a href="Shanghai_Tower" title="Shanghai Tower">Shanghai Tower</a> which has foundations 282 ft 0 in (85.95 m) deep.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Deep parking garages, defensive bunkers, shelters, or buildings other than habitable structures designed with the same sort of purpose as a skyscraper, are not considered earthscrapers.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The first known earthscraper that was both proposed and then subsequently completed was the <a href="InterContinental_Shanghai_Wonderland" title="InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland">InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland</a>. This property was first unveiled in 2013, experienced significant delays initially due to the novel nature of its construction, but then finally was completed in 2018. This hotel earthscraper property has 16 underground stories, and two additional stories aboveground, making it 18 stories in total.<a href="#cite_note-:1-5">[5]</a> This design presents opportunities for developers to transform unused landmasses, such as an old, abandoned <a href="Quarry" title="Quarry">quarry</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> in the case of the Intercontinental Shanghai, and turn them into functional land use.<a href="#cite_note-:1-5">[5]</a>

Earthscrapers have also been thought of as a way to deal with urban planning issues such as overcrowding,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> historically the notion of "building up" was thought of as the solution when space was scarce and at a premium, however neighborhood externalities such as a tall building casting shade over other previously existing properties arise, issues which may not be problems with an earthscraper.<a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a>

A 65-story deep earthscraper was proposed in 2011 to be built in <a href="Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>'s central plaza, a region called "<a href="Z%C3%B3calo" title="Zócalo">Zócalo</a>", though as of 2023 no such earthscraper has been completed, and was promptly cancelled shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact_compared_to_skyscrapers">Environmental impact compared to skyscrapers</h2></div>

Earthscrapers have been proposed as a means to deal with the effects of <a href="Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and to make human living less harmful on the external environment.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> This may be different from skyscrapers, which some critics allege are not good for the environment or for climate change.<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a> Some of the reasons that earthscrapers might be considered an improved option for large-scale human dwellings in urban environments over skyscrapers include the <a href="Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">massively reduced cost of heating, or cooling</a>, a large structure that is built mostly underground. Also, the amount of steel required in a skyscraper is enormous due to it needing to support its own weight, something an earthscraper does not need to do. Though an earthscraper still would still require large amounts of steel and concrete, it also has the support of the surrounding earth upon which the outer walls and frame can rest.<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_shelter" title="Earth shelter">Earth shelter</a></li>

<li><a href="Underground_living" title="Underground living">Underground living</a></li>

<li><a href="Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li>

<li><a href="Seascraper" title="Seascraper">Seascraper</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbit_hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobbit hole">Hobbit hole</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLaskow2015" class="citation web cs1">Laskow, Sarah (21 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/living-underground-a-surprisingly-bright-idea">"Living Underground: A Surprisingly Bright Idea"</a>. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSantorapublished2021" class="citation web cs1">Santorapublished, Tyler (16 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/humans-living-underground.html">"Have any human societies ever lived underground?"</a>. livescience.com. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFWhite2023" class="citation web cs1">White, Caleb (21 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/45520/20230821/humans-live-underground-escape-extreme-temperature-earthscrapers-potential-solution-climate.htm">"Can Humans Live Underground To Escape Extreme Temperatures? Earthscrapers' Potential Solution to Climate Crisis"</a>. The Science Times. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.groundworks.com/resources/how-far-underground-are-skyscraper-foundations/">"How Far Underground Are Skyscraper Foundations?"</a>. Groundworks. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFGibson" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Amber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ambergibson/2019/01/16/inside-intercontinental-shanghai-wonderland-the-worlds-first-underground-hotel/">"Inside InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland: The World's First Underground Hotel"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/travel-stay/2018/11/20/china-quarry-hotel-travel-orig.cnn">China opens world's first quarry hotel</a>, CNN, 20 November 2018, retrieved 7 November 2023</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNash2015" class="citation web cs1">Nash, Kieran (21 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150421-will-we-ever-live-underground">"Will we ever… live in underground homes?"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:2-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFWebster2011" class="citation web cs1">Webster, George (27 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2011/10/27/tech/innovation/earthscraper-mexico-fantasy-reality/index.html">"Could 'Earthscraper' really turn architecture on its head?"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/01/08/nr-bilchik-earthscraper.cnn">Proposed 'earthscraper' for Mexico City</a>, CNN, 8 January 2012, retrieved 7 November 2023</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFToronto" class="citation web cs1">Toronto, University of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treehugger.com/earthscrapers-going-down-instead-greener-way-build-4856672">"Earthscrapers: Is Going Down Instead of Up a Greener Way to Build?"</a>. Treehugger. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:3-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMoore2020" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Rowan (11 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/jul/11/skyscrapers-wasteful-damaging-outmoded-time-to-stop-tall-buildings">"Wasteful, damaging and outmoded: is it time to stop building skyscrapers?"</a>. The Observer. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Earthscraper&oldid=1278272114">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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